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‘Peak water’ and glacier melt pose thorny problems downstream

A Peruvian watershed has likely passed ‘peak water,’ dropping river flows 30 percent. New lakes are draining the Himalaya, and say good-bye to Rocky Mountains’ glaciers.

Cordillera Blanca

SAN FRANCISCO – New data underscores the bleak prospects facing glaciers across the world as emissions continue to rise. In many instances, particularly the tropics, researchers expect the ice serving as key mountain reservoirs will disappear or severely degrade, leaving downstream communities to cope with scarce and unreliable supplies.

We are going to be witness over the next century to the disappearance of glaciers in western North America.- Garry Clarke, University of British Columbia

Exhibit A is the Andes, where the glacial runoff provides water for hundreds of thousands throughout Peru and Ecuador. Where scientists once thought the region had 10 years to 40 years to adapt to reduced runoff, that time is now up, said Michel Baraër of McGill University in Montreal.

“We have passed peak water,” he said on Wednesday at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. “As a consequence, (during) the dry season, we will get lower discharge and increased variability in flow.”

The Last Drop

A promising plan, aimed at doubling the area of protected watershed over the next 10 years, has been launched by Gov. Abercrombie and state water officials. Aptly entitled, “The Rain Follows the Forest,” the $11 million per year stewardship initiative will create some 150 jobs, investing now to ensure the long term availability of fresh water statewide. Groundwater levels in Pearl Harbor, source of over 60 percent of Oahu’s water, have declined by half since 1990.

No one’s saying it will be easy. While per capita water consumption is down slightly, Hawaii’s population increased 12.3 percent, to 1.32 million, in 2010. And that doesn’t include 7.5 million annual visitors. A century-long decline in rainfall is also accelerating in our Islands, with 12 percent less falling over the last 20 years. And since global warming is speeding up, according to the UN International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there is increased water demand. With urbanization limiting aquifer recharge and half of Hawaii’s primal forests gone, feral pigs and goats damaging vegetation and invasive plants consuming more water, watershed protectors are planning measures ranging from land-use solutions to reducing numbers of feral animals and strawberry guavas.

Healthy waters, healthy forests
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